Day 2 :
- Track 3: Nanoscale Electronics & Track 4: Nanotech for Energy and Environment
Chair
Shashi Paul
De Montfort University, UK
Co-Chair
Takashi Tokumasu
Tohoku University, Japan
Session Introduction
Takashi Tokumasu
Tohoku University, Japan
Title: Large scale molecular simulations for transport phenomena in polymer electrolyte fuel cell
Time : 09:00-09:20
Biography:
Takashi Tokuamsu has completed his Ph.D at the age of 28 years old from the University of Tokyo and was postdoctoral fellow in this University in one year. He moves to Institute of Fluid Science, Tohoku University as a research assistant in 1999, promoted to lecturer in 2003, associate professor in 2005. He is an associate professor of Institute of Fluid Science, Tohoku University. He researches about nanoscale transport phenomena and has published more than 40 papers in reputed journals and more than 100 times presentation in international conferences.
Abstract:
Polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) is expected to be a next power-supply system. In PEFC, water is generated from hydrogen and oxygen and electrical power is generated. To achieve higher performance of PEFC, the reaction materials, that is hydrogen, oxygen and water molecules, should transfer in Membrane Electrode Assembly (MEA) as fast as possible. Therefore, it is very important to obtain the knowledge about the mechanism or characteristics of transport phenomena of these materials in MEA to design a high performance PEFC. However, these phenomena cannot be analyzed by conventional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations based on continuum theory because the MEA consists of gas diffusion layer (GDL), micro porous layer (MPL), catalyst layer (CL) and polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM), which have very fine structures whose size is of the order from nanometer to micrometer, and the reactant or product materials transport in the fine structures. Molecular simulation is a suitable scheme to analyze such flow phenomena. In this study we analyzed the nanoscale transport phenomena of the materials in MEA of PEFC by large scale molecular simulations, such as quantum calculation or molecular dynamics simulation. Especially, transport phenomena of proton and water in PEM, oxygen permeability or proton conductivity of ionomer in CL, and transport phenomena of water droplet in a nano pore were simulated, and the nanoscale transport characteristics were analyzed in detail to achieve the design of new concept of MEA for next generation PEFC.
Kuniharu Takei
Osaka Prefecture University, Japan
Title: Printed nanomaterials-based flexible device sheet
Time : 09:20-09:40
Biography:
Kuniharu Takei received a Ph.D in electrical engineering from Toyohashi University of Technology in Japan in 2009. After working as a postdoctoral fellow at the University of California, Berkeley, he joined the faculty of Osaka Prefecture University in Japan, where he is currently an assistant professor of the department of physics and electronics. He has been assigned as an editorial board member of Scientific Reports and an associate editor of Nanoscale Research Letters. He is one of MIT Technology Review 35 Innovators under 35 in 2013.
Abstract:
Flexible electronics is of great interest in the next class of devices for wearable, human-interactive, and prosthesis/robotic applications. In fact, many efforts for the flexible devices using organic and/or inorganic materials have been conducted by developing fabrication methods and flexible materials. The important requirements to realize practical flexible and wearable devices are (1) high performance, (2) low-cost, (3) low power consumption, (4) system integration, and (5) comfortability. Our research focuses on the achievement of above requirements using a printing method of inorganic nanomaterials onto a flexible substrate. In this talk, mainly printed sensor and logic circuitry on a flexible substrate are discussed. For printed sensors, strain, temperature, and ultraviolet light sensors are introduced for the applications of wearable health monitoring and robotic devices. For a logic circuitry, complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) circuitry is demonstrated with relatively high voltage gain and mobility. However, it should be noted that the flexible CMOS circuitry was fabricated by using a standard semiconductor infrastructures because the technique to obtain fine patterning and high quality of metal, semiconductor, and insulator materials via printing methods is limited. Finally, some proof-of-concept devices based on these inorganic-based flexible devices are introduced.
Ching-Fuh Lin
National Taiwan University, Taiwan
Title: Rare-earth-element free luminescent materials for warm white LEDs
Time : 09:40-10:00
Biography:
Prof. Ching-Fuh Lin is a Fellow of IEEE, a Fellow of SPIE, and Member of Asia-Pacific Academy of Materials. He obtained his MS and PhD degrees in electrical engineering from Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, in 1989 and 1993, respectively. He is now the Director of Innovative Photonics Advanced Research Center (i-PARC) and a joint distinguished professor in the Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering, and Department of Electrical Engineering at National Taiwan University, Taipei, R.O.C. He has published over 160 journal papers and 460 conference papers, and holds more than 60 patents.
Abstract:
White light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) have gained considerable attention owing to its great potential in energy saving. Nevertheless, current available methods for WLEDs are mostly based on environmentally hostile and expensive rare-earth-element (REE) doped phosphors. REE mining, refining and disposal would cause a tremendous harm to the environment. Therefore, we explore environmental benign fluorescence materials for warm-WLEDs. We integrate ZnO and ZnS:Mn semiconductor nanoparticles with polymeric material poly(9,9-di-n- hexylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl). The resultant nanocomposites can be endowed with three different photon-emitting mechanisms corresponding to blue, green and orange emissions, respectively. Consequently, white light can be generated from the nanocomposites upon UV-LED excitations and exhibits widely tunable color temperatures, ranging from 2100 K to above 6000 K. The light emission from the nanocomposites can have very low color temperature, similar to candle light, which is good for human health. A warm-white light emission with 90% high quantum efficiency has been demonstrated under the commercial UV-LED excitation. We also successfully develop an innovative II-VI nanoparticles without quantum-confinement effect to emit fluorescence light under 450 nm-LED excitation. Because the photo-physical behavior is not restricted by quantum confinement, the nanoparticles can exhibit a strong absorption at 453 nm, which well matches the wavelength of commercial blue-LEDs (450-460 nm). Also, the ZnSe:Mn nanoparticles can efficiently convert blue light (440-460 nm ) to orange light (580 nm). The proposed REE-free nanotechnology-based materials not only achieve the eco-friendly purpose, but also provide a promising solution to conquer the health issues involved in current blue-YAG-LED lighting.
Muhammad Y Bashouti
Max-Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Germany
Title: Growth and surface engineering of Si nanowires for opto-electronic applications
Time : 10:00-10:20
Biography:
Bashouti received his bachelor degrees in chemistry at the Hebrew University/Israel. Bashouti has completed his direct Ph.D. in the physical chemistry from the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (IIT). He held a postdoctoral position at the Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light at Erlangen (Germany) where he worked on the optoelectronic materials with special emphasis on tailoring and characterization of their surface properties. He has published more than 28 papers in peer-reviewed publications, more than 770 citations and an h-index of 13. He serves as an editorial board member of repute journals.
Abstract:
Silicon Nanowires (Si NWs) are a promising candidate for the realization of highly integrated electronic, photonic and optoelectronic devices as well as for fundamental studies in natural sciences. As the dimensions are scaled down to nano-regime, the surface and interface area of the Si NW become more critical – to the level that they might control the whole semiconductor (opto)electronic properties. It is therefore essential to understand the surface properties and charge exchange between the NW surfaces and their bulk on a microscopic level. The lecture will be divided into three sections: (i) the growth of Si NW, (ii) engineering procedures and characterization of the surface properties, and (iii) the integration of the Si NWs into device prototypes. In particular for Si NWs, we will show bottom-up vapor–liquid solid growth as well as a top-down approach by reactive ion etching. Surface engineering is based on methods such as electro-grafting, laser-writing, and wet/dry chemical etching. The main analytical tool adopted in our research towards this goal is photoelectron spectroscopy. Band diagrams will be extracted from based on this analysis and correlated with electrical and material properties of the Si NWs. Along this route, we have developed a new surface electron doping technique based on a combination of work function engineering and physisorption of appropriate dopant molecules. The perspectives of our results for Si NW based devices, specifically with respect to efficiency enhancement of hybrid organic-inorganic solar-cells and field effect transistor, will be discussed.
Carlos D.S. Brites
Aveiro Institute of Materials, Portugal
Title: Thermometry at the Nanoscale
Time : 10:20-10:40
Biography:
Carlos Brites is graduated in Physics and Chemistry teaching (Universidade de Aveiro, Portugal), master in Optoelectronics and Lasers (University of Oporto, Portugal) and completed his PhD in 2012 at CICECO/ Physics Department, University of Aveiro, Portugal and ICMA/ Physics of Condensed Matter Department, University of Zaragoza, Spain, working on “Self-Referencing Thermometry at the Nanoscaleâ€. Since 2013 is a Post-Doctoral fellowship in CICECO/ Departamento de FÃsica, Universidade de Aveiro, He has published more than 10 papers in reputed journals and serving as an regular reviewer of more than 15 journals.
Abstract:
There is an increasing demand for accurate, non-invasive and self-reference temperature measurements as technology progresses into the nanoscale. This is particularly so in micro- and nanofluidics where the comprehension of heat transfer and thermal conductivity mechanisms can play a crucial role in areas as diverse as energy transfer and cell physiology.The integration of optics and micro/nanofluidic devices to provide novel functionalities in nanosystems is stimulating a promising new area of optofuidics, for nanomedicine and energy. Despite promising progress precision control of fluid temperature by accounting for local temperature gradients, heat propagation and accurate temperature distributions have not yet been satisfactorily addressed, e.g., investigating heat transfer mechanisms in nanofluids or mapping temperature distributions within living cells. The major obstacle for this has been the unavailability of a thermometer with the following requirements (that should be simultaneously satisfied): (i) high temperature resolution (<0.5 K); (ii) ratiometric temperature output; (iii) high spatial resolution (<3 μm); (iv) functional independency of changes in pH, ionic strength and surrounding biomacromolecules; and (v) concentration-independent output. The most suitable class of thermometers to fulfil these requirements are the luminescent ones. In this talk we will present a general overview on thermometry at the nanoscale highlighting the main achievements and limitations on luminescent based thermometers, focusing on the new results published recently about nanoplatforms integrated heaters and thermometers.
Pedro Gomez-Romero
Institut Catala de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia, Spain
Title: Advanced electrode materials for hybrid energy storage
Time : 10:55-11:15
Biography:
Prof. Pedro Gomez-Romero (Ph.D. in Chemistry, Georgetown University, USA, 1987, with Distinction). CSIC Researcher since 1990. Sabbatical at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, USA (1998-99). Presently, Full Research Professor (2006-) and Group Leader of NEO-Energy lab at ICN2 (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain (2007-). Expert on hybrid organic-inorganic nanostructures, nanocomposite materials for energy storage and conversion (lithium batteries, supercapacitors, flow batteries, solar-thermal energy, nanofluids). Author of ca. 200 publications. Scientific editor of the book "Functional Hybrid Materials" P. Gómez-Romero, C. Sanchez (Eds.) (Wiley-VCH 2004) and author of two award-winning popular science books
Abstract:
If nanotechnology is an Enabling Technology, Energy Storage is also increasingly recognized as a key technology to enable our ongoing transition to a sustainable energy model. Electrochemical energy storage will be key to this transition but is still far from optimal. That is why there is still plenty of room for novel types of materials in this trade. Hybrid Nanocomposite Materials offer opportunities for synergy and improved properties.Those formed by electroactive and conducting components are of particular interest for energy storage applications. We have developed a whole line of work dealing with hybrid electroactive and conductive materials for energy storage applications. In this conference we will address some of our recent work towards hybridizing energy storage discussing hybrid electrodes formed by nanocarbons and polyoxometalates or oxides. Furthermore, we will show how hybrids can be designed to take advantage of dual energy storage mechanisms by combining the typical capacitive behavior of supercapacitors with the characteristic faradaic activities of batteries.
Kazutaka Ikeda
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Japan
Title: In-situ scattering experiment and structural analysis of hydrogen storage materials by high intensity neutron total diffractometer (nova)
Time : 11:15-11:35
Biography:
Kazutaka IKEDA received his Ph.D. from Tohoku University in 2006. During his Ph.D. and postdoctoral studies at Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, he was also a research fellow for young scientists of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. After serving as an assistant professor at the same institute, he moved to Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) as a research associate professor. His current research interests include material design of hydrogen storage materials and structural study by comprehensive use of multi-probes such as high intensity neutrons and synchrotron light.
Abstract:
A high intensity neutron total diffractometer, NOVA, at J-PARC realizes new opportunity to study atomicdistribution in various materials. Short timeand small sample measurements are feasible for averaged structure analysis, and the realspace resolution is enough for local structure (Pair Distribution Function) analysis.Crystalline structure as well as amorphous and liquid structure was investigated by NOVA for AlD3, LaDx and LiAl(ND2)4. Also, time-transient measurement during hydrogen absorption and desorption process under hydrogen/deuterium gas atmosphere (max 10 MPa) is performed on NOVA, using a tight cell made from single crystal sapphire. The diffraction profiles of powder samples in the tight cell are obtained by removing the Bragg peaks of the single crystal sapphire. Absorption was carried out by submitting Pd powder to a deuterium pressure of 2 MPa at 393 K and letting it absorb with its own kinetics in quasi-equilibrium conditions. The time-divided neutron diffraction profiles during the deuterium absorption reaction revealed that the phase continuously transforms from metal Pd through alpha-PdDx to beta-PdD~0.7 in a few seconds.Some of recent results for structural study of promising hydrogen storage materials on NOVA will be presented. This work was partially supported by the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) under “Advanced Fundamental Research Project on Hydrogen Storage Materials (HydroStar)†and “Feasibility Study on Advanced Hydrogen Storage Materials for Automotive Applications (2012)â€, JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers 23686101, 24241034, 15K13810 and the Neutron Scattering Program Advisory Committee of IMSS, KEK (Proposal No. 2009S06, 2014S06).
Valerie Keller
University of Strasbourg, France
Title: Synthesis and Reactivity of Au/g-C3N4/TiO2 nanocomposites for Water-Splitting and H2 production under Solar light illumination
Time : 11:35-11:55
Biography:
Valérie Keller is a senior scientist at ICPEES (Institute of Chemistry and Processes for Energy, Environment and Health) in Strasbourg. She received her Ph.D. degree in Chemistry and Catalysis from the University Louis Pasteur of Strasbourg in 1993. In 1996 she returned to Strasbourg and was appointed as researcher in CNRS, where she is now responsible of the Team “Photocatalysis and Photoconversionâ€. In 2012 she was promoted as Director of Research. Her main research activities concern photocatalysis for environmental, energy and health applications, and the synthesis and characterization of nanomaterials for photoconversion purposes. She is the author of over 95 publications in peer-reviewed journals and more than 50 oral communications in international conferences and symposium. She is also the author of 15 patents. In 2013 she was awarded the 1st Price of the Strategic Reflection (awarded by the French Home Secretary)
Abstract:
Nowadays, the major challenge is to find new environmentally friendly ways to produce energy that may cover the global consumption. The direct conversion of solar energy though an energy carrier (fuel), storable and usable upon request, appears as an interesting alternative. Photocatalysis is an innovative and promising way to produce pure hydrogen from renewable energy sources. Indeed, the water dissociation (water-splitting) highlighted by Fujishima and Honda in a photoelectrocatalytic cell opened a promising way to produce hydrogen from light energy. In our study, we will focus on a photocatalytic TiO2-based system associated with graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4). With a band gap of 2.7 eV, g-C3N4 allows the valorization of an important part of the visible light spectra in the context of water splitting. TiO2 powder is obtained via a “sol-gel†process and g-C3N4 was obtained via a thermal polycondensation reaction of specific nitrogen-containing precursors. g-C3N4/TiO2 nanocomposites were obtained either (i) by introducing g-C3N4 (as synthesized) during the sol-gel synthesis of TiO2 or (ii) by introducing TiO2 (as synthetized) during the g-C3N4 synthesis. Gold nanoparticles were synthesized - directly onto the TiO2, the g-C3N4 and the g-C3N4/TiO2 support – by chemical reduction of the HAuCl4 precursor in an excess of NaBH4. The synthesis of new nanostructured composites allowed us to achieve better hydrogen production yield than the reference Au/TiO2 and Au/g-C3N4 samples. Future goals are to find the optimal amount of Au on the Au/g-C3N4/TiO2 composites but also the optimal amount of g-C3N4.
- Track 5: Nanotech in Life Sciences and Medicine
Chair
Hari Shanker Sharma
Uppsala University, Sweden
Co-Chair
Hussein O Ammar
Future University, Egypt
Session Introduction
Hussein O. Ammar
Future Unviersity, Egypt
Title: New trends in nanotechnology-based targeted drug delivery systems
Time : 11:55-12:15
Biography:
Holder of the First Class Golden Medal for Sciences and Arts and the recipient of the 2010Appreciation State Prize in the realm of Advanced Technological Sciences.Professor Ammar is currently the Chairman, Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Industries, Future University in Egypt; formerly, Dean of the Pharmacy Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt. He has more than 110 research papers published in international scientific journals. These research papers cover most of the areas related to pharmaceutics, biopharmaceutics and pharmacokinetics. Design of new drug delivery systems is not beyond the scope of his interest.
Abstract:
Nanotechnology is attracting great attention worldwide in biomedicine. Targeted therapy based on drug nanocarrier systems enhances the treatment of tumors and enables the development of targeted drug delivery systems. In recent years, theranostics are emerging as the next generation of multifunctional nanomedicine to improve the therapeutic outcome of cancer therapy. Polymeric nanoparticles with targeting moieties containing magnetic nanoparticles as theranostic agents have considerable potential for the treatment of cancer. The use of directed enzyme prodrug therapy (DEPT) has been investigated as a means to improve the tumor selectivity of therapeutics. Magnetic DEPT involves coupling the bioactive prodrug-activating enzyme to magnetic nanoparticles that are then selectively delivered to the tumor by applying an external magnetic field. Gene therapy is an attractive method for meeting the needs for curing brain disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. On the other hand, due to the fact that hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is resistant to standard chemotherapeutic agents, genetherapy appears to be a more effective cure for HCC patients. Ultrasound-mediated drug delivery is a novel technique for enhancing the penetration of drugs into diseased tissue beds noninvasively. This technique is broadly appealing, given the potential of ultrasound to control drug delivery spatially and temporally in a noninvasive manner.
Nekane Guarrotxena
Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, Spain
Title: Multiplex targeted disease biomarker detection using SERS probes
Time : 13:00-13:20
Biography:
Nekane Guarrotxena is a PhD from the University of Complutense, Madrid-Spain and post-doctoral researcher at Ecole Nationale Superieure d´Arts et Metiers, Paris-France and the University of ScienceII, Montpellier-France. From 2008-2011, she was visiting professor in the Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Materials at the University of California, Santa Barbara (USA) and the CaSTL at the University of California, Irvine (USA). She is currently Research Scientist at the Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, CSIC-Madrid (Spain). Her research interest focuses on the synthesis and assembly of hybrid nanomaterials, nanoplasmonics, and their uses in nanobiotechnology applications (bioimaging, biosensing, drug delivery and therapy).
Abstract:
Nowadays, the scientists are faced with the challenging development of highly sensitive multiple protein detection methods. The outstanding physicochemical properties of noble metal nanoparticles enable to envisage them as robust and versatile support to developing nanotags encapsulated in an antibody-functionalized nanostructure that is active in surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). This optical sensing technology allows single molecule detection with high potential to simultaneous recognition of closely related targets based on the narrow bandwidths of the vibrational Raman spectra of the reporter molecules. In this presentation, we will demonstrate how one-spot detection of multiple proteins in parallel can be efficiently achieved by using SERS encoded probes consisting of noble metal NPs each reporting unique Raman code and antibody-tagging entities. Further, this study may contribute to the development of targeting, tracking, and imaging systems for labelling cells
Cheolgi Kim
Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, South Korea
Title: Magnetophoretic circuits for digital cells on chip
Time : 13:20-13:40
Biography:
Prof.CheolGi Kim has completed his Ph.D. from KAIST in Korea and postdoctoral studies from NIST in USA. Now he is a professor and head of the department at DGIST. Prior to coming to DGIST, he has 24 years of research experience at KRISS in Korea, Sun Moon University in Korea, Tohoku University in Japan and Chungnam National University in Korea. Prof. CheolGi Kim has trained number of Ph.D. students who have gone on to successful researchers in their own related research fields. His research interests skate the intersection between technology and competitive strategy. During his Professional Period, he published ~ 300 articles in research journals, and 15 domestic and 6 international patents. For his contribution to the Scientific research, he has honoured by the bunch of awards.
Abstract:
The ability to analyze the cellular contents of individual microorganisms would significantly benefit our understanding of many mechanisms in the minute world of cell biology. Compared with flow cytometry, single cell arrays are promising multi-parameter tool for long term observation of biological processes by monitoring cells randomly deposited into micro-well arrays or locally trapped by hydrodynamic, electric or magnetic fields. However, these existing tools are frequently limited either by irreversibility in the placement of cells or lack of tools for efficient extraction of single cells, poor nutrient diffusion and temperature control, and the need for complex wiring and microfluidic patterns which prevent the highly parallel operations necessary for identifying extremely rare cells. In this context, we develop lithographically patterned magnetophoretic pathways which transport single cells reversibly (conductor) or irreversibly (diode) and can locally store single cells in an array of apartments (capacitor). The active devices consists of current lines that can locally switch the trajectory of single cells (transistor) and when combined with the passive elements can produce highly scalable systems that have general multiplexing properties with dramatically reduced wiring constraints that allows an efficient implementation of digital circuitry for single cells. This work provides fundamental tools that enable breakthroughs in the analysis of cell heterogeneity and provide new routes for genomics/proteomics, human reproduction and cancer research.
Christoph Rehbock
University of Duisburg, Germany
Title: Ligand-free alloy nanoparticles for applications in nano-toxicological assays
Time : 13:40-14:00
Biography:
.
Abstract:
In order to correctly assess toxicological effects of nanoparticles released from medical implants, testing systems with high purity are required. Unfortunately, nanoparticles obtained from chemical synthesis are frequently contaminated with artificial ligands remaining from synthesis, which may interfere with toxicity assays . Furthermore, chemical reduction methods in aqueous solutions fail to generate alloy nanoparticles with homogeneous ultrastructure . In order to overcome these limitations, ligand-free colloidal nanoparticles were fabricated by pulsed laser ablation in liquid . This method predominantly yields relatively broad size distributions, though precise control of particle size and particle composition are of paramount importance. To overcome this drawback we controlled particle size by addition of low salinity electrolytes during the nanoparticle formation process , while the utilization of artifical ligands was completely avoided. Furthermore, pulsed laser ablation in liquid was used to synthesize nanoparticles from binary and ternary alloy targets, while the resulting nanoparticles possess a homogeneous ultrastructure down to a single particle level and their overall composition well represented the implant alloy target. Additionally, the model system AuAg was used to systematically vary the nanoparticle composition and to correlate it to toxicological effects observed in bacterial and mammalian cell cultures as well as in reproduction biology .
Sylvia Wagner
Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering , Germany
Title: The challenge of treating brain disorders/ New routes in treating brain disorders
Time : 14:00-14:20
Biography:
Sylvia Wagner from Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering , Germany
Abstract:
Evolution gave birth to an extremely useful structure: The blood-brain barrier that protects our delicate central nervous system homeostasis by shielding off toxic metabolites, extraneous substances and attacks of pathogens. But biologically valuable does not always mean pharmacologically welcome. The blood-brain barrier does not distinguish between friend and foe and causes many potentially effective brain therapeutics to fail in vivo - not because of a lack of potency, but because they cannot pass this physiological barrier. This dilemma especially comes into focus for the class of neurodegenerative disorders: Demographic changes drive the rapidly growing prevalence for age-related maladies such as Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s disease resulting in horrendous socio-economic burden. Scientists feverishly search for new causal drugs, but even if they showed beneficial effects in vitro, the chance that they pass the blood-brain barrierunhindered is virtually non-existent. Today, we can use the elegant approach of molecular Trojan Horses: the fast-emerging field of nanotechnology offers the possibility to enlarge the pool of substances by packing promising drugs into nanoparticles. By this, we can mask the original physico-chemical properties of the substances and even surface-modify the particles with ligands targeting specific receptors at the blood-brain barrier. The advantages are tempting: Apart from reducing peripheral doses and consequently side effects, drugs can be targeted directly to the brain.
Anand Gadre
University of California, USA
Title: Functionalized polymeric electrospun nanoscaffolds for bone regeneration and tissue healing
Time : 14:20-14:40
Biography:
Anand Gadre graduated with his BS and MS degrees in Applied Physics from the University of Mumbai. He completed his Doctorate from the Institute of Chemical Technology (ICT), India. In 2001, he joined University of Maryland as a Post-doc and later worked as Research Associate in the Nanoscience and Microtechnology Laboratory (GNuLab) at Georgetown University. In 2004, he joined as an Assistant Professor of Nanobioscience in the State University of New York at Albany and later was promoted as an Associate Professor with tenure. He achieved his MBA degree from the University at Albany in 2009. In 2011, he joined as the Director of a core Nanofabrication and Stem Cell Research Facility in the University of California, Merced, where he is currently pursuing his research in Nanobiotechnology. He has published several peer-reviewed papers, co-authored book chapters and served as a Referee for several national/international journals
Abstract:
There is currently an unmet need for an optimal biomaterial that can substitute for autograft bone or serve as a temporary matrix that can induce regeneration of native bone at implant sites. Developing scaffolds that mimic the architecture of bone tissue at the nanoscale level and that parallel the physical properties of bone tissue in the categories of mechanical strength, pore size, porosity, hardness, and overall three-dimensional (3D) architecture is one of the major focuses in the field of tissue engineering. Our specific objective is to design 3D synthetic biodegradable scaffolds comprising electrospun nanofibers that will not only be osteoconductive but also contain porosity for bone cell ingrowth enhanced with Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) and a sufficient amount of bioactive ingredients such as Demineralized Bone Matrix (DBM) that would serve as a more conducive framework for cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. Our central hypothesis is that the MSCs can migrate inside the functionalized 3D nanoscaffold to produce abundant extracellular matrix and differentiate into bone cell lineages, and that incorporation of DBM into the network of nanofibers will enhance osteogenesis and bone formation. The rationale for the proposed research is that if such complex constructs can mimic the native in vivo microenvironment, they could provide a promising nanotechnology based surgical tool for bone tissue engineering directed at orthopedic and bone tissue clinical applications.
Nekane Guarrotxena
INSTITUTE OF POLYMER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY , Spain
Title: SERS-based femto-sensitive nanosensor for protein detection
Time : 14:40-15:00
Biography:
Nekane Guarrotxena is a PhD from the University of Complutense, Madrid-Spain and post-doctoral researcher at Ecole Nationale Superieure d´Arts et Metiers, Paris-France and the University of ScienceII, Montpellier-France. From 2008-2011, she was visiting professor in the Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Materials at the University of California, Santa Barbara (USA) and the CaSTL at the University of California, Irvine (USA). She is currently Research Scientist at the Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, CSIC-Madrid (Spain). Her research interest focuses on the synthesis and assembly of hybrid nanomaterials, nanoplasmonics, and their uses in nanobiotechnology applications (bioimaging, biosensing, drug delivery and therapy).
Abstract:
Highly sensitive technology allows the detection of analytical targets in one sample providing a rapid and accurate clinical diagnostic. Among the potential analytical techniques surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) offers unique advantages such as ultrasensitive detection down low the deconvolution times, fingerprint vibrational information of the target molecules, and the possibility of performing the experiments even in complex biological samples. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) refers to the collective oscillations of the conduction electrons in metallic nanostructures. This phenomenon can also concentrate the incident electromagnetic field leading to Raman signal amplification to be used in a surface enhanced Raman scattering based detection methodology. Here, we discuss the design strategies for nanostructures to plasmonically enhance optical sensing signals up to femtoMolar level, highlighting their applications as SERS-enhanced optical sensors in multiplexed protein detection. In fact, our strategy lies on the design of multicomponent nanostructures, which embody the sensitivity afforded by Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) nanostructures with the wide selectivity that is characteristic of antibodies.
Nor Hazwani Ahmad
Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia
Title: Cytotoxicity study of silver nanoparticles synthesized by catharanthus roseus aqueous extract
Time : 15:15-15:35
Biography:
Dr. Nor Hazwani Ahmad is a senior lecturer at Cluster for Oncological and Radiological Sciences, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM). She earned her Bachelor in Biomedicine with First Class Honours from Management and Science University (MSU) and she obtained her Ph.D in Cancer Immunology from USM in 2013. Her research interests include cytotoxicity study in cancer research, particularly involving the downstream apoptosis mechanisms in cancer cells induced by plant extracts. She has secured a Science Fundgrant under the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MOSTI)as principal investigator.
Abstract:
Interest in silver nanoparticles and their potential medical applications has increased in recent years due to its unique characteristics. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of a green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Catharanthus roseus (C. roseus) aqueous extract on Jurkat (human acute T-cell leukemia) and HT29 (human colorectal adenocarcinoma) cell lines. The assays used were MTS [3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carbonxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium/phenazine metho sulfate], annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide, DNA fragmentation and cell cycle. The IC50 values obtained from MTS assay were 6.7 to 7.4 μg/ml for Jurkat cells while 13.0 to 13.5 μg/ml for HT29 cells at various incubations. Flow cytometric analysis demonstratedhigher percentages of early (annexin V-FITC+/PI-) and late (annexin V-FITC+/PI-) apoptotic cells in response to C. roseus-AgNPs, as compared to untreated cells. This is further confirmed by the detection of DNA fragments. The induction of apoptosis was associated with cell cycle arrest. These data indicated that C. roseus contains active compounds responsible for the AgNPs synthesis and its anticancer activity on Jurkat and HT29 cells, which can be applicable for therapeutic purposes.
Sabyasachi Sarkar
Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, West Bengal India
Title: : Nano Carbon Onions Cross Blood Brain Barrier with Potential to Entrap and Release Alzheimer Drug
Time : 15:35-15:55
Biography:
Dr.Sabyasachi Sarkar; Professor Emeritus at IIESTS, was Senior Professor and former Head, Chemistry Department of IIT Kanpur. He researched in the diversified fields on the modeling of the metalloproteins , chemical Darwinism , synthetic leaf and non-invasive bioimaging, invivo drug carrier and delivery including crossing BBB using nano carbons. Guided 40 PhD , 150 Masters theses with over 200 publications and four US and Indian patents .He is an Av Humboldt ,INSA research , Raja Ramanna and DAAD Fellow , Fellow of the Indian Chemical Society , Indian Academy of Sciences and of the Royal Society of Chemistry
Abstract:
Water soluble carbon nano onion (wsCNO) (25-50 nm) is made from cheap woodwool and used by us earlier to image the full life cycle of Drosophila melanogaster. The present lecture covers the application of this multi-layered wsCNO in drug delivery. The blood–brain barrier (BBB) regulates brain homeostasis and selectively permit the entry of necessary molecules to pass into the brain through tight junctions and enzymatic carriers. This BBB is the greatest impediment preventing any diagnostic or therapeutic probe in combating neuronal disorders or the growth of a tumor inside the brain. Fluorescent wsCNO may be used as a Trojan horse to carry the drug, the drug on its own is a foreign body, may be impermeable to the brain. We report here the crossing of wsCNO through the BBB in the murine model of CADASIL as well as in GBM induced mice. Donepezil, an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase, is entrapped by wsCNO in acidic phosphate buffer saline (PBS) demonstrating its function as Trojan horse from which the drug is readily released at pH 7.4
Ahmet Alper Öztürk
Anadolu University, Turkey
Title: Preparation and characterization of dexketoprofen tromethamol loaded eudragit® RS 100 nanoparticles
Time : 15:55-16:05
Biography:
Ahmet Alper Öztürk received BA in June 2013 at Anadolu University, Faculty of Pharmacy. He started the PhD program in September 2013. He is working as a research assistant at the Department of Pharmaceutical Technology at Anadolu University since 2014. He has participated in the ERASMUS Internship Program at University of Cagliari, Italy in 2011.
Abstract:
Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) also called nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents/analgesics (NSAIAs) or nonsteroidal antiinflammatory medicines (NSAIMs) are a class of drugs which provide analgesic (pain-killing) and antipyretic (fever-reducing) effects, and antiinflammatory effects in higher doses. The most prominent members of this group, aspirin, ibuprofen and naproxen are all available as over-the-counter drugs in most countries. Arylpropionic acids are a group of NSAIDs currently produced in the racemic form. Dexketoprofen tromethamol is the dextrorotatory enantiomer of ketoprofen formulated as tromethamine salt. Dexketoprofen tromethamol’s distribution half-life and elimination half-life are 0.35 and 1.65 hours, respectively. Eudragit polymers which are acrylic/metacrylic acid esters act as polyelectrolytes regulated by percentage of charged (quaternary ammonium) and non-ionized (ether) groups in their structures. Eudragit RS® 100 is a poly-(ethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, chloro trimethyl ammonium ethyl methacrylate) copolymer. It is insoluble at physiological pH values but undergoes swelling in water. Eudragit RS® 100 is commonly used for enteric coating of tablets and preparation of controlled-release drug forms and represents a prototype for dispersion of drugs. Polymeric nanoparticles prepared by spray-drying method and characterized for controlled oral delivery of dexketoprofen tromethamol was aimed in this study.
Hend M. Shubar
Tripoli university, Libya
Title: The role of apolipoprotein E in uptake of atovaquone into the brain in murine acute and reactivated toxoplasmosis
Biography:
Hend Shubar has completed her Ph.D. at the age of 36 years from Berlin Free University, Germany. She is working as a lecturer at the department of Microbiology and Immunology, faculty of Pharmacy, Tripoli University, Libya. She has published 4 papers in the field of drug targeting.
Abstract:
We investigated whether coating of atovaquone nanosuspensions (ANSs) with apolipoprotein E (apoE) peptides improves the uptake of atovaquone into the brain. The passage across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) of ANSs stabilized by polysorbate 80 (Tween 80), poloxamer 184 (P184), or poloxamer 338 (P338) and the same formulations coated with apoE peptides were analyzed in vitro and in vivo. Passage through a rat coculture model of the BBB did not differ between individual atovaquone formulations, and the addition of apoE peptides did not enhance the transport. Following the induction of toxoplasmic encephalitis (TE) in mice, treatment with all atovaquone formulations reduced the number of parasites and inflammatory foci compared with untreated mice. Uptake of atovaquone into the brain did not depend on coating with apoE. Finally, incubation of apoE peptide–coated ANSs with brain endothelial cells for 30 min did result in the accumulation of nanoparticles on the cell surface but not in their uptake into the cells. In conclusion, ANSs coated with Tween 80 or poloxamers showed therapeutic efficacy in murine toxoplasmosis. ApoE- and apoE-derived peptides do not induce the uptake of ANSs into the brain. Alternative mechanisms seem to be in operation, thereby mediating the passage of atovaquone across the BBB.
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