Polyoxometalates (POMs) are stable metal-oxide inorganic compounds. Their structure and electronic properties can be lightly modified. They are one of the perspective products of nanotechnology in medicine and bioengineering, including antiviral and antitumor drug development. Objective: to investigate POM’s cytotoxic, antiviral, and immunomodulatory activity on cells culture. Materials and methods: POMs samples (H3PW12O40; H3PMo12O40, H4SiW12O40; H4SiMo12O40, H3(PW12O40)H2O) were investigated on human embryo fibroblast (HEF) cells, bone marrow cell from leukaemia patient (L-41), human lung carcinoma cells (А 549). Culture media with 10% fetal calf serum was used for cell culture. MTT test was applied for POM’s cytotoxic studying. Growth-regulating activity was evaluated by proliferation index (PI). Influenza A virus (Н3N2- А\\Aichi\\68) was used for investigation of POMs antiviral effect. Cells morphology was examined by light, electron (EM) and atomic-force microscope (AFM). POMs effect on immune system was measured by cytokine gene expression of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-18, TNF-α, INF-, INF-β, INF-, INF –λ RNA by RT-PCR method. Results: POMs samples of interest showed different effect on cells structures. The most toxic effect had H4SiW12O40; H4SiMo12O40 samples. Н3PW12O40, H4SiW12O40, H4SiMo12O40 samples caused reduction of growth-regulating activity and destructive changes cells morphology. Hematoxylin-eosin staining method in light microscope (eye lens 10 х field lens 40) was used to investigate cells morphology. Dystrophic changes of cells structure with necrosis elements were detected after H3PW12O4 exposure. Even complete failure of cells was found after H4SiW12O40; H4SiMo12O40 addition. These changes were proven by EM and AFM investigation. H3PMo12O40 and H4SiW12O40 samples showed antiviral effect: influenza A virus (Н3N2- А\\Aichi\\68) infectious activity reduced by 2lg and more. POMs immunomodulatory activity showed that test samples promoted activation of INF-γ, IL-18, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8 gene transcription in HEF cells. These cytokines are responsible for cell and macrophage components of immune system. Polyoxometalates activated cytokine gene expression of INF I II III (INF-α/β, INF-γ, INF-λ). Specimen HEF cells H3PW12O40 H3PMo12O40 H4SiW12O40 H4SiMo12O40 1) Antiviral immunity activation - activation of cell component of immune system Th1 (INF-γ, IL-18, TNF-α) and INF system (INF-β, INF-γ, INF-λ). 2) Activation of macrophage component of immune system (IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α) – important in diseases, induced by intracellular causative agent (including viruses) and several neurological diseases ( Parkinson disease, Alzheimer disease) 3) TNF-α gene expression activation, which is involved in antitumor immunity. It has cytotoxic and cytolytic effect on certain tumors. Also INF can cause direct apoptosis of tumor cells. 4) Depression of IL-10 transcription, which is important in atopic diseases, multiple sclerosis. All samples activated TNF-α gene expression, which is involved in antitumor and antiviral immunity. It has cytotoxic and cytolytic effect on certain tumors. So, tested POM samples can be probably effective in tumor treatment. Conclusion: POMs samples of interest showed different effect on cells structures and influenza H3N2 viral particles. POMs reduced viral load. These effects probably depended on their chemical structure. The most toxic effect had H4SiW12O40; H4SiMo12O40 samples. They caused destructive changes in morphology structures, seen in AFM. Obtained results in vitro demonstrated that POMs based drug development could be perspective in complex or monotherapy of viral infections, autoimmune, neurological and oncology diseases.\r\n\r\nClose\r\nPoster Presentation\r\nMouzouvi Ablavi\r\nUniversity of Abomey, Benin\r\n\r\nTitle: Lipid Nanocapsules for air microbubble stabilization\r\nBiography Abstract\r\n\r\nPoster Presentation\r\nSruthi S\r\nSree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Kerala\r\n\r\nTitle: Effect of melatonin on zinc oxide nanoparticles induced neurotoxicity\r\n\r\n\r\n

The STM tunneling spectra of the ordered monolayer films of decamolybdodicobaltate compounds deposited from aqueous solutions on HOPG exhibit well-defined negative differential resistances (NDRs). The mechanism of formation of these spectral features found to be common to all systems exhibiting the Wannier—Stark localization. A model of biresonance tunneling was developed to provide an explanation for the totality of experimental data, both literature and original. A variant of the tunneling electron-vibrational POM spectroscopy was proposed allowing the determination of the three basic energy parameters-energy gaps between the occupied and unoccupied states, frequencies of the vibrational transitions accompanying biresonance electron-tunneling processes, and electron-vibrational interaction constants on the monomolecular level. In this work, we evaluate electron transport properties of molecular devices built from molecules of polyoxometallatesKeggin’s type adsorbed on HOPG andconnected by an alkane chain to the tip of STM.We find that electron transport in these systems at gap voltage  2 v is mediated by the Keggin’smolecular orbitals LUMO and HOMO. For highervoltages a model of biresonance tunneling electron transitions provided the pseudo-energy levels intersection was proposed for explanation of the totality of experimental data.

The global use of engineered nanomaterials has increased rapidly over the past decade.Nanotechnology is being used in a variety of sectors including medicine, defense, materials, energy production and storage, electronics, and environmental applications. More than 700 companies in 30 countries have self-identified as being involved in nanotechnology-related activities of some kind. More than 1,600 commercially available products are manufacturer-identified as containing engineered nanomaterials. Even with the widespread use of nanomaterials, there continues to be a lack of regulation, partly because there are no clearly agreed-upon methods of assessing for risk or monitoring their activity via standardized testing procedures. Either currently available techniques must be adapted in order to accommodate the unique properties of engineered nanomaterials, or new methodologies must be developed in order to adequately measure engineered nanomaterials. A literature review was conducted to determine existing methods of testing that could be used to assess the risk of nanomaterial exposure. Given the proliferation of nanotechnology usage in many different applications, this testing spanned both health and environmental sampling. Five major issues were identified with the current testing methods of nanomaterials: 1. Interactions of engineered nanomaterials with experimental background 2. Adaptation of cytogenetic techniques for assessing geno- and cytotoxicity 3. Interpretation of non-specific biomarkers of exposure 4. Distinguishing engineered nanomaterials from background bulk elements 5. Accounting for and tracking biomagnification These issues remain largely unresolved and compound the difficulties associated with the development of uniform testing procedures for engineered nanomaterials. It is important to understand the nature of each of these challenges, what is being done to overcome them, and the gaps that still remain. Although experimental testing isavailable on a limited basis in areas where advanced research facilities exist, amuch greaterchallenge exists in areas where laboratory testing is unavailable or facilities are minimal. If some or all of these challenges could be overcome, then currently available testing methodologies, including ICP-MS, micronucleus test, and QSAR, might be feasible with adaptations and would be available to regulators and personnel involved in risk management. The alternative is to develop new methods for assessing engineered nanomaterials that would circumvent the aforementioned limitations. As a result of our research, we offer some suggestions for dealing with current challenges and limitations regarding nanomaterials exposure testing (e.g., radioisotope tagging with neutron activation and utilizing ROC models for non-specific biomarkers of inflammation like acute-phase proteins or micro-RNAs). As the field grows, new scientific discoveries should aid in the ability to assess engineered nanomaterials better. Whatever the future may hold, it is clear that improved techniques are desired and will improve the efficiency and viability of assessing nanotechnology safety risks. -

Rosa Carotenuto has completed his PhD and postdoctoral studies from University of Naples \"Federico II\" in 1994. She\'s a senior scientist in Developmental Biology. She has published more than 25 papers in reputed journals. She was reviewer of scientific journal as \"Journal of Nanoparticles Research\".

Nanoparticles that are useful in a wide range of industrial applications have led to concerns regarding their potential impact on human and environmental health. Because of their properties, nanomaterials are attractive for basic science, technical or medical applications. Size, surface charge, geometry, and surface modifications contribute to nanoparticle toxicity. Presently there are insufficient evidence for environmental concentrations and derived harms for almost all NPs, in particular for the aquatic environment. This gap requires more standardised approaches for NPs hazard identification. We utilized Xenopus laevis as aquatic model organism. The possibility to relate the data obtained in Xenopus with higher vertebrates, including humans, makes it a convincing study model. Our aim is to evaluate the effects of three different nanoparticles: AgNPs, AuNPs and SiO2NPs, 20 nm sized, on the embryogenesis of Xenopus. These commercial nanoparticles were used as mo!\r\ndel to understand the possible consequences of similar NPs utilized in medicine. We purchased NPs from MKnano (Canada). Dynamic Light Scattering was performed to measure NPs size and Z-potential. The embryos were reared starting from st. 4/8 in FETAX containing 0.01, 1 and 5 mg/L of NPs. Embryos were harvested at stage 47/48. As control, sibling embryos were used. The mortality, length, and pigment distribution were statistically analyzed. Our data show that all NPs aggregate in FETAX and do not cause mortality. AgNPs, AuNPs and SiO2NPs affect length and pigment distribution of embryos. In conclusion our studies indicate that the NPs we tested affect embryonic development. Then these NPs should be further studied.\r\n